- Aditya Amitabh Trivedii
Dehradun : Uttarakhand, often referred to as “Devbhoomi” or the “Land of Gods,” celebrates its Foundation Day on November 9 each year. Created in 2000, the state is a result of decades of persistent demand and struggle by its people, who envisioned an identity separate from Uttar Pradesh.

The Demand for Uttarakhand: Why Was It Separated?

Historically, the demand for a separate state stemmed from the distinct socio-cultural and geographical identity of the hill regions of Uttar Pradesh. These mountainous areas, comprising Garhwal and Kumaon divisions, had unique challenges that often went overlooked by the government based in the plains. Poor infrastructure, lack of access to health and education facilities, limited economic opportunities, and the need for region-specific development policies fueled the demand for a separate state. Movements like the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (UKD) advocated passionately for this cause, leading to the eventual formation of Uttarakhand as the 27th state of India on November 9, 2000.

Demographic Overview of Uttarakhand-

Uttarakhand is divided into two main regions: Garhwal and Kumaon. It has a population of around 11 million, with a literacy rate of approximately 80%, making it one of the more educated states in India. The economy is primarily based on agriculture, horticulture, and tourism, with recent diversification into industries like pharmaceuticals, electronics, and information technology. The demographic composition is mainly Hindu, followed by a smaller proportion of Muslims, Sikhs, and Buddhists. The state is known for its rich cultural diversity, with various communities contributing to a vibrant cultural heritage.

A Brief History of Uttarakhand-

The history of Uttarakhand dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human habitation in the region since the Vedic period. The region was part of the Kedarkhand, Manaskhand, and Kailash Kshetra mentioned in ancient Hindu texts. It was ruled by various dynasties, including the Katyuris, the Panwars, and the Chand kings, before coming under British rule in the 19th century. After India’s independence, Uttarakhand became part of Uttar Pradesh, but the aspirations for a separate state continued, culminating in its foundation in 2000.

Why Uttarakhand is Called “Devbhoomi”?

Uttarakhand is called “Devbhoomi” due to its association with numerous ancient temples, shrines, and pilgrimage sites, which have been an integral part of the region’s identity for centuries. The state’s serene landscapes, snow-capped mountains, and holy rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna contribute to its spiritual ambiance, attracting millions of devotees from across the globe. Some of the major pilgrim sites include:

- Char Dham: This pilgrimage circuit comprises four sacred shrines - Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri. These sites are revered in Hinduism and attract lakhs of pilgrims every year.
- Haridwar: Situated on the banks of the Ganga, Haridwar is one of the seven holiest cities in Hinduism. It hosts the Kumbh Mela, which is attended by millions of devotees, making it one of the largest religious gatherings in the world.
- Rishikesh: Known as the “Yoga Capital of the World,” Rishikesh attracts spiritual seekers, yogis, and adventure enthusiasts. It is also famous for the Beatles Ashram, where the iconic band visited in the 1960s.
- Hemkund Sahib: A revered site for Sikhs, Hemkund Sahib is a gurudwara situated at an altitude of 4,632 meters, attracting Sikh pilgrims who make a challenging trek to this high-altitude shrine.

Tourism in Uttarakhand-

Uttarakhand’s tourism landscape is diverse, encompassing adventure, spiritual, wellness, and eco-tourism. Some key attractions include:

- Jim Corbett National Park: India’s oldest national park and a popular wildlife sanctuary, known for its population of Bengal tigers and a wide variety of flora and fauna.
- Valley of Flowers: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this enchanting valley blooms with a diverse range of alpine flowers and is a haven for nature lovers and trekkers.
- Nainital and Mussoorie: Famous hill stations offering picturesque landscapes, lakes, and a serene environment, attracting both domestic and international tourists.
- Auli: Known as a premier skiing destination, Auli attracts adventure enthusiasts and is developing as a winter sports hub in India.

Political Leadership in Uttarakhand: Chief Ministers and Governors-

Since its inception, Uttarakhand has seen a series of leaders who have shaped its journey. Below is a list of the chief ministers and governors of Uttarakhand over the years:

Chief Ministers:

1) Nityanand Swami (2000–2001)
2) Bhagat Singh Koshyari (2001–2002)
3) Narayan Dutt Tiwari (2002–2007)
4) B.C. Khanduri (2007–2009, 2011–2012)
5) Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank (2009–2011)
6) Vijay Bahuguna (2012–2014)
7) Harish Rawat (2014–2017)
8) Trivendra Singh Rawat (2017–2021)
9) Tirath Singh Rawat (2021)
10) Pushkar Singh Dhami (2021–Present)

Governors:

The position of Governor has been held by many distinguished individuals, including Surjit Singh Barnala, Sudarshan Agarwal, and Margaret Alva, among others, with Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh currently serving as the governor.

Tenures of BJP and Congress -

During the tenure of the Congress government, Uttarakhand faced challenges like poor infrastructure development, lack of adequate disaster management measures, and limited focus on long-term economic policies. Several projects were either delayed or poorly implemented, resulting in a slower pace of progress. Issues of corruption and administrative inefficiencies plagued the governance, affecting the public’s faith in the administration.

On the other hand, the BJP, particularly under the leadership of Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami and the guidance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has initiated several development projects aimed at transforming Uttarakhand. Key areas of focus include:

-Infrastructure Development: The BJP has prioritized infrastructure projects, such as the construction of the Rishikesh-Karanprayag railway line, the Char Dham all-weather road project, and modernizing airports to boost connectivity and tourism.

-Disaster Management: After the devastating floods of 2013, the BJP government has taken significant steps to enhance disaster preparedness and response mechanisms, with improved monitoring systems and training programs, the biggest example of which was the recent In 2023, a tragic incident unfolded in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, where a tunnel under construction as part of the Char Dham road project collapsed, trapping several workers inside. This catastrophic event sparked an extensive and challenging rescue operation led by local authorities, the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF). Here’s a detailed summary of the incident, the rescue efforts, and the positive role played by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami.
The incident occurred at the Silkyara Bend-Barkot tunnel on the Yamunotri National Highway, which is part of the larger Char Dham road project aimed at improving connectivity to the four holy shrines of Uttarakhand. During the construction, the tunnel caved in due to geological instability, trapping approximately 40 workers inside. The collapse created significant debris and unstable conditions, complicating rescue efforts.
Upon learning of the collapse, the Uttarakhand government immediately deployed emergency response teams to the site. The rescue operation was launched on an urgent basis with the following steps:
Deployment of Forces: The NDRF and SDRF were among the first to reach the site, bringing specialized equipment to aid in search-and-rescue operations. Local authorities and additional rescue teams from neighboring regions were also mobilized.
Coordination with Central Government: Recognizing the scale of the operation, state officials coordinated with central government authorities to ensure additional resources and support. This included deploying advanced equipment and specialized personnel to speed up the extraction process.
Use of Heavy Machinery and Technological Aids: The rescue teams used heavy machinery such as excavators and cutters to clear the debris. Advanced techniques like micro-tunneling were considered to safely reach the trapped workers. Thermal imaging and sensors were used to detect signs of life amidst the rubble.
Round-the-Clock Operation: Rescuers worked tirelessly in shifts around the clock to ensure a continuous and prompt response. This non-stop operation demonstrated the commitment and resolve of the personnel on the ground.
Medical and Psychological Support: Medical teams were on standby to provide immediate treatment to the rescued individuals, and psychological support was extended to families of the trapped workers to help them cope with the stressful situation.
Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami’s response to the incident was immediate and hands-on, which proved to be crucial in managing the crisis effectively. Here are some key actions taken by CM Dhami that reflect his proactive approach:
Immediate Visit to the Site: CM Dhami arrived at the collapse site to personally oversee the rescue operation, demonstrating his commitment to supporting the affected families and providing morale to the rescue teams. His presence ensured that administrative bottlenecks were minimized, and decisions could be made swiftly.
Ensuring Seamless Coordination: Recognizing the complexity of the rescue mission, CM Dhami facilitated seamless coordination between the state and central governments, as well as between various rescue teams. His efforts ensured that resources and manpower were allocated promptly, accelerating the rescue process.
Focus on Worker Safety and Welfare: CM Dhami directed that every possible effort be made to ensure the safety of the trapped workers, emphasizing a “safety first” approach. He also instructed authorities to provide full support to the families of the affected workers, including financial aid and psychological counseling.
Real-Time Communication: CM Dhami kept the public informed through regular updates on the progress of the rescue operation. His transparent communication approach helped alleviate public anxiety and demonstrated the government’s accountability during the crisis.
Commitment to Improving Worker Safety Standards: In the wake of the tragedy, CM Dhami promised an evaluation of current safety standards for construction projects in the state. He emphasized the need for stricter adherence to safety protocols, especially in vulnerable mountainous regions, to prevent similar incidents in the future.
Financial and Rehabilitation Support: CM Dhami announced financial assistance for the families of the trapped and injured workers, ensuring that they receive the necessary support during this difficult time. He also promised rehabilitation efforts to assist workers who sustained injuries or trauma from the incident.
Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami’s actions in response to the Uttarkashi tunnel collapse highlighted his proactive leadership and dedication to Uttarakhand’s people. His swift response, along with the efficient coordination of rescue efforts, brought hope to affected families and expedited rescue operations. CM Dhami’s handling of the Uttarkashi tunnel collapse not only showcased his commitment to safeguarding the people of Uttarakhand but also underscored his focus on improving infrastructure safety in the state.
The Uttarkashi tunnel collapse incident was a tragic event, but it was met with a prompt and effective response, largely thanks to CM Dhami’s leadership. His role has been pivotal in not only managing this crisis but also in laying the foundation for enhanced safety standards in Uttarakhand’s future development projects.

- Employment and Skill Development: Initiatives like “Mukhyamantri Swarojgar Yojana” focus on providing self-employment opportunities, particularly for the youth, to curb migration from the hills.

- Spiritual and Eco-tourism: The government has undertaken projects to promote tourism, including the beautification and modernization of pilgrimage sites, development of adventure sports hubs, and eco-tourism initiatives.

Under Prime Minister Modi’s leadership, Uttarakhand has been a focal point for development in Northern India. His vision of a “New Uttarakhand” includes robust infrastructure, a strong economy, and preserving the state’s rich cultural heritage. With the Char Dham project and plans to develop a world-class winter sports destination in Auli, Modi’s government is transforming Uttarakhand into a significant national and international tourist hub.

Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami has furthered this vision through initiatives aimed at sustainable development, focusing on employment generation, women empowerment, and strengthening healthcare facilities. Dhami’s proactive governance has enhanced Uttarakhand’s resilience and accelerated growth, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. He is committed to realizing the “Devbhoomi” vision of prosperity while maintaining Uttarakhand’s sacred heritage.

Uttarakhand’s journey since its foundation has been a mix of struggle, resilience, and triumph. Its progress, especially under the recent leadership of Prime Minister Modi and Chief Minister Dhami, signifies a promising future for this “Land of Gods.” The state has not only embraced its spiritual heritage but has also emerged as a model of development and resilience, aligning with the aspirations of its people and the vision of its leaders.