Mumbai, August 19, 2025 : With the monsoon in full swing, Mumbai is witnessing a sharp rise in vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. Alongside these, leptospirosis cases have also seen a significant increase, prompting health authorities to issue warnings and preventive measures for residents.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira, which can affect both humans and animals. The disease often spreads through contaminated water or soil, especially during heavy rainfall. The urine or body fluids of infected animals can seep into waterlogged streets, puddles, or flooded areas, putting anyone who comes in contact at risk. Consumption of contaminated food or water can also transmit the disease.

According to Dr. Tushar Shah, a Mumbai-based physician, multiple factors contribute to the seasonal surge in leptospirosis: “Significant waterlogging due to drainage issues, high tides, construction sites, dense slums, and rat infestations are key reasons for increased cases during monsoon in Mumbai.”

Symptoms of Leptospirosis
The infection often starts with flu-like symptoms but can escalate if untreated. Common signs include:

High fever
Abdominal pain
Headache
Muscle pain, especially in calves
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Chills
Jaundice
Rash

Severe cases may involve chest pain, blood in urine or cough, red spots on the skin, or reduced urine output. If untreated, leptospirosis can lead to kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, respiratory issues, or even death. In some cases, the disease progresses into Weil’s syndrome, a life-threatening condition that usually develops three to ten days after initial symptoms.

Prevention Tips
Experts emphasise that prevention is crucial, especially during heavy rains. Key measures include:

Avoid floodwaters: Refrain from walking in flooded areas, particularly if you have open cuts or wounds.

Wear protective gear: Rubber boots, gloves, and protective clothing help minimize contact with contaminated water or soil.

Maintain hand hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after any contact with potentially contaminated water or soil, and keep wounds covered.

Control rodents: Keep surroundings clean, store food in sealed containers, and eliminate conditions that attract rats.

Drink safe water: Boil or treat water before drinking, particularly in high-risk areas.

Raise awareness: Educate family, friends, and community members about leptospirosis transmission and prevention.

Vaccinate pets: Consult a veterinarian for leptospirosis vaccination for pets, which can act as carriers.

Seek prompt medical attention: Monitor for symptoms after exposure and visit a doctor immediately if signs appear.

Dr. Shah also recommended preventive medication for those exposed to floodwaters. Doxycycline (100 mg, two capsules with water) is advised, while alternatives like Azithromycin (250 mg single dose) are suggested for pregnant women, children under nine, or those allergic to doxycycline.

By staying vigilant and adopting preventive measures, Mumbai residents can significantly reduce the risk of contracting leptospirosis during the monsoon, ensuring a safer season for themselves and their families.